Brazil - Wikipedia. Coordinates: 1. 0. As the world's fifth- largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1. Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. In 1. 81. 5, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1. Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The ratification of the first constitution in 1. National Congress. The country became a presidential republic in 1. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1.
Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1. Brazil is a regional power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs. Early sailors sometimes also called it the . This was the name the indigenous population gave to the region, meaning . The pottery was found near Santar. The indigenous population of Brazil comprised several large indigenous ethnic groups (e. In 1. 80. 9, in retaliation for being forced into exile, the Prince Regent ordered the Portuguese conquest of French Guiana. I'm in this for a reason,'' Bloom told THR. In 1. 81. 5, in order to justify continuing to live in Brazil, where the royal court had thrived for the past six years, the Crown established the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves, thus creating a pluricontinental transatlantic monarchic state. There he swore oath to the new constitution, leaving his son, Prince Pedro de Alc. The Atlantic slave trade was abandoned in 1. Long after the Cisplatine War that resulted in independence for Uruguay. These were the Platine War, the Uruguayan War and the devastating Paraguayan War, the largest war effort in Brazilian history. Freedom of the press disappeared and elections were controlled by those in power. The first was the failed Constitutionalist Revolution of 1. Brazilian uprising of 1. Integralist Movement attempted a coup in May 1. In 1. 99. 4, Cardoso produced a highly successful Plano Real. It shares a border with every South American country except Ecuador and Chile. It also encompasses a number of oceanic archipelagos, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It is also the only country to have contiguous territory both inside and outside the tropics. Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. New single High By The Beach Listen on Youtube: http:// Download on iTunes: http:// Stream on Spotify. Brazilian topography is also diverse and includes hills, mountains, plains, highlands, and scrublands. Much of the terrain lies between 2. The highest point in Brazil is the Pico da Neblina at 2,9. Atlantic Ocean. The different climatic conditions produce environments ranging from equatorial rainforests in the north and semiarid deserts in the northeast, to temperate coniferous forests in the south and tropical savannas in central Brazil. There is no real dry season, but there are some variations in the period of the year when most rain falls. The semiarid climatic region generally receives less than 8. Scientists estimate that the total number of plant and animal species in Brazil could approach four million, mostly invertebrates. Deer are plentiful in the south, and many species of New World monkeys are found in the northern rain forests. Despite its reputation as a ferocious freshwater fish, the red- bellied piranha is actually a generally timid scavenger. Biodiversity can contribute to agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries extraction. However, almost all economically exploited species of plants, such as soybeans and coffee, or animals, such as chickens, are imported from other countries, and the economic use of native species still crawls. In the Brazilian GDP, the forest sector represents just over 1% and fishing 0. The natural heritage of Brazil is severely threatened by cattle ranching and agriculture, logging, mining, resettlement, oil and gas extraction, over- fishing, wildlife trade, dams and infrastructure, water pollution, climate change, fire, and invasive species. The current president is Michel Temer, who replaced Dilma Rousseff after her impeachment. The National Congress is the Federation's bicameral legislature, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate. Judiciary authorities exercise jurisdictional duties almost exclusively. Brazil is a democracy, according to the Democracy Index 2. The federation is set on five fundamental principles. The classic tripartite branches of government (executive, legislative and judicial under a checks and balances system) are formally established by the Constitution. Voting is compulsory for the literate between 1. Fifteen political parties are represented in Congress. It is common for politicians to switch parties, and thus the proportion of congressional seats held by particular parties changes regularly. Most of Brazilian law is codified, although non- codified statutes also represent a substantial part, playing a complementary role. Court decisions set out interpretive guidelines; however, they are seldom binding on other specific cases. Doctrinal works and the works of academic jurists have strong influence in law creation and in law cases. The legal system is based on the Federal Constitution, which was promulgated on 5 October 1. Brazil. All other legislation and court decisions must conform to its rules. Slant Magazine's film section is your gateway to some of the web's most incisive and biting film criticism and features. Geocaching is a treasure hunting game where you use a GPS to hide and seek containers with other participants in the activity. Geocaching.com is the listing service for geocaches around the world. States have their own constitutions, which must not contradict the Federal Constitution. Lawsuits on appeal may take several years to resolve, and in some cases more than a decade elapses before definitive rulings. Brazil's conscription policy gives it one of the world's largest military forces, estimated at more than 1. The scale of this aid places it on par with China and India. Of these, the first three are affiliated with federal authorities and the last two are subordinate to state governments. All police forces are the responsibility of the executive branch of any of the federal or estadual powers. In 2. 01. 2, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the number of 3. They have a governor and a unicameral legislative body elected directly by their voters. They also have independent Courts of Law for common justice. Despite this, states have much less autonomy to create their own laws than in the United States. For example, criminal and civil laws can be voted by only the federal bicameral Congress and are uniform throughout the country. The Brazilian regions are merely geographical, not political or administrative divisions, and they do not have any specific form of government. Although defined by law, Brazilian regions are useful mainly for statistical purposes, and also to define the distribution of federal funds in development projects. Municipalities, as the states, have autonomous administrations, collect their own taxes and receive a share of taxes collected by the Union and state government. Indeed, a Court of Law organized by the state can encompass many municipalities in a single justice administrative division called comarca (county). Economy. Brazil is the largest national economy in Latin America, the world's eight largest economy at market exchange rates and the seventh largest in purchasing power parity (PPP), according to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Brazil has a mixed economy with abundant natural resources. After rapid growth in preceding decades, the country entered an ongoing recession in 2. Its GDP (PPP) per capita was $1. Active in agricultural, mining, manufacturing and service sectors Brazil has a labor force of over a 1. However, after the East Asian financial crisis, the Russian default in 1. Brazil's central bank paid back the IMF loan in 2. The largest transaction with involvement of Brazilian companies has been: Cia. Vale do Rio Doce acquired Inco in a tender offer valued at US$1. Corruption costs Brazil almost $4. The country had 5 million visitors in 2. South America, and third in Latin America after Mexico and Argentina. Revenues from international tourists reached US$6 billion in 2. Among the most popular destinations are the Amazon Rainforest, beaches and dunes in the Northeast Region, the Pantanal in the Center- West Region, beaches at Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina, cultural tourism in Minas Gerais and business trips to S. The TTCI report notes Brazil's main weaknesses: its ground transport infrastructure remains underdeveloped (ranked 1. Safety and security have improved significantly: 7. However, in 2. 00. This favorable trend is the result of the strong devaluation of the US dollar against the Brazilian Real, which began in 2. Brazil a more expensive international destination. Tourism expenditures abroad grew from USD 5. USD 8. 2 billion in 2. USD 3. 3 billion in 2. USD 1. 5 billion in 2. The most popular destinations for business trips were S. Uranium is enriched at the Resende Nuclear Fuel Factory, mostly for research purposes (as Brazil obtains 8. And Brazil is the only Latin American country to have a semiconductor company with its own fabrication plant, the CEITEC. Among the most renowned Brazilian inventors are priests Bartolomeu de Gusm. The road system totaled 1. The total of paved roads increased from 3. Kubitschek was responsible for the installation of major car manufacturers in the country (Volkswagen, Ford and General Motors arrived in Brazil during his rule) and one of the points used to attract them was, of course, support for the construction of highways. With the implementation of Fiat in 1. Iveco, Renault, Peugeot, Citroen, Honda, Mitsubishi, Mercedes- Benz, BMW, Hyundai, Toyota among others. The total length of railway track was 3. Most of the railway system belonged to the Federal Railroad Corporation RFFSA, which was privatized in 2. The other metro systems are in Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Recife, Belo Horizonte, Bras. The country also has 5. Bolivia and Paraguay have been given free ports at Santos. Of the 3. 6 deep- water ports, Santos, Itaja. Nevertheless, millions of affluent Brazilians have private health care coverage.
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